简单句 I run.(主谓结构,主语I,谓语run,表示“我跑步” ) She sings.(主谓结构,主语She,谓语sings,“她唱歌” ) He eats an apple.(主谓宾结构,主语He,谓语eats,宾语an apple,“他吃一个苹果” ) They play football.(主谓宾结构,主语They,谓语play,宾语football,“他们踢足球” ) The bird flies in the sky.(主谓状结构,主语The bird,谓语flies,状语in the sky,“鸟儿在天空飞” ) We live in Beijing.(主谓状结构,主语We,谓语live,状语in Beijing,“我们住在北京” ) My mother gives me a book.(主谓双宾结构,主语My mother,谓语gives,间接宾语me,直接宾语a book,“我妈妈给我一本书” ) He shows her his photos.(主谓双宾结构,主语He,谓语shows,间接宾语her,直接宾语his photos,“他给她看他的照片” ) They made the room clean.(主谓宾宾补结构,主语They,谓语made,宾语the room,宾语补足语clean,“他们使房间干净” ) The teacher asks us to study hard.(主谓宾宾补结构,主语The teacher,谓语asks,宾语us,宾语补足语to study hard,“老师要求我们努力学习” ) 并列句 Tom likes reading, and Jerry likes playing games.(由and连接两个简单句,表并列关系,“汤姆喜欢阅读,杰瑞喜欢玩游戏” ) She is smart, but she is lazy.(由but连接,表转折关系,“她很聪明,但她很懒” ) You can come with me, or you can stay at home.(由or连接,表选择关系,“你可以跟我来,或者你可以待在家里” ) He was tired, yet he still finished his work.(由yet连接,表转折,“他很累,但他还是完成了工作” ) I want to go shopping, for I need some new clothes.(由for连接,表因果,“我想去购物,因为我需要一些新衣服” ) The weather was fine, so we went on a picnic.(由so连接,表因果,“天气很好,所以我们去野餐了” ) Jack is good at math, while his sister is good at English.(由while连接,表对比,“杰克擅长数学,而他妹妹擅长英语” ) He not only plays basketball well but also runs fast.(not only...but also连接,表递进,“他不仅篮球打得好,而且跑得也快” ) Either you apologize or I will leave.(either...or连接,表选择,“要么你道歉,要么我就离开” ) Neither he nor I am wrong.(neither...nor连接,表否定并列,“他和我都没错” ) 主从复合句(定语从句) The boy who is standing there is my brother.(who引导定语从句修饰先行词The boy,“站在那里的男孩是我哥哥” ) The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(that引导定语从句修饰先行词The book,“我昨天买的书很有趣” ) The woman whom you met just now is my teacher.(whom引导定语从句修饰先行词The woman,“你刚才遇到的那个女人是我的老师” ) This is the house where I lived last year.(where引导定语从句修饰先行词the house,表地点,“这就是我去年住的房子” ) I'll never forget the day when we first met.(when引导定语从句修饰先行词the day,表时间,“我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天” ) 主从复合句(状语从句) When it rains, we usually stay at home.(when引导时间状语从句,“当下雨的时候,我们通常待在家里” ) Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.(because引导原因状语从句,“因为他生病了,所以他没去上学” ) If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(if引导条件状语从句,“如果你努力学习,你就会通过考试” ) Although it was late, he still kept working.(although引导让步状语从句,“虽然很晚了,但他仍然继续工作” ) She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.(so that引导目的状语从句,“她早早起床以便能赶上第一班公交车” )